Year: 2021

Weakness of the voice, especially when due to fatigue. Vocal weakness or hoarseness caused by straining the voice.  

A unit of loudness of sound. The intensity of a sound to be measured is compared by the human ear to a reference tone of 2 X 10⁻⁵ pascal sound pressure and 1000 hertz frequency. The intensity of the reference tone is increased until it appears to be equal in loudness to the sound being…

A drug that suppresses coughs and reduces irritation in the respiratory system. It is administered by mouth in cough mixtures and sometimes causes nausea and drowsiness. An opioid cough suppressant similar to codeine; it is not, however, potent enough to suppress severe coughs and is also constipating.  

An enalgesic drug that reduces fever and inflammation and is used to relieve pain in rheumatic and related diseases. It is administered by mouth or injection; common side-effects include digestive upsets, rashes, and fluid retention. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administered to alleviate symptoms associated with the inflammatory disorder ankylosing spondylitis. Phenylbutazone could lead to…

An antibiotic, similar to penicillin, used to treat infections caused by a wide variety of microorganisms. It is administered by mouth and may cause diarrhea and allergic reactions. An artificially produced penicillin medication employed for the treatment of bacterial infections, including conditions like pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and dental abscesses. Potential negative reactions encompass skin rash and…

A drug that dilates blood vessels. It is used to reduce blood pressure and to treat conditions involving poor circulation, such as Raynaud’s disease and chilblains. It is administered by mouth or injection and may cause dizziness and fast heart beat. An alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug used in the treatment of hypertension caused by phaeochromocytoma.  

A strong disinfectant used for cleansing wounds, treating inflammations of the mouth, throat, and ear, and as a preservative in injections. It is administered as solution, ointments, and lotions and is highly toxic if taken by mouth. A crystalline, colorless or light pink solid, melting at 43°C, obtained from the distillation of coal tar. It…

An anticoagulant drug used to treat thrombosis in the blood vessels of the heart and limbs. It is administered by mouth or injection; side-effects may include skin rashes, fever, and diarrhea. A synthetic anticoagulant. Given by mouth, it is used to prevent the formation of clots in the blood in rheumatic heart disease and atrial…

An anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of major types of epilepsy. It is administered by mouth; side-effects may include lack of muscular coordination, loss of appetite, and skin reactions.  

An analgesic drug used for rapid relief of moderate or severe pain. It is administered by mouth or injection; side-effects may include digestive upsets and dizziness, and prolonged use may lead to dependence.