Abnormal protrusion of an organ through the abdominal musculature.
Hernia in which a portion of an organ protrudes through the muscular walls of the abdomen, forming a swelling. Diagnosis of these hernias is obtained by asking the patient to cough, thus raising the intraabdominal pressure and transmitting an impulse which can be seen in the swelling. In healthy individuals the best treatment is surgical repair of the tear in the abdominal muscles. Patients with severe bronchitis and coughing are not suitable for operation, as continual post-operative coughing would break down the stitches. Also unsuitable are patients with very poor abdominal muscles, for strong tissue is needed to close the gap. A truss can be used to control a hernia in the groin (inguinal hernia) but all hernias near the top of the inner thigh (femoral hernias) should be operated on, for in these there is a big risk of strangulation causing intestinal obstruction. However, all persons finding a swelling in the lower part of their abdomen or groins should seek medical advice.