An abnormally high concentration of calcium in the blood, hypocalcemia.
Resulting from excessive amounts of calcium in the blood, hypercalcemia most often occurs in conjunction with or as a result of other underlying endochrine conditions. Hypercalcemia commonly results from malignancy or hyperparathyroidism. In the body, calcium levels are maintained by the interplay of three major hormones: parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol, and calcitonin. For hypercalcemia to develop, the normal calcium regulation system must be overwhelmed with an excess of PTH, calcitriol, or other hormones mimicking these hormones. Hyperthyroidism- related hypercalcemia is caused by increased calcium ab¬ sorption in the intestines. Hypercalcemia is most commonly seen in patients with breast and lung cancer. An autosomal dominant trait has also been associated with hypercalcemia in children, and it is characterized by persistent hypercalcemia.
An excessive concentration of calcium in the bloodstream.
Abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood, usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism, Paget’s disease, or other disorders of bone and calcium function; also caused by certain drugs (e.g., thiazides, furosemide, vitamin D, calcium, lithium). Symptoms include muscle pain and weakness, loss of appetite, and, if severe, kidney failure.
The presence in the blood of an abnormally high concentration of calcium. Idiopathic hypercalcemia, which affects infants who have received too much vitamin D, leads to mental disorder.
An excessive concentration of calcium in the blood. Causes include primary hyperparathyroidism, lithium therapy, malignancies (e.g., solid tumors and hematological malignancies), vitamin D intoxication, hyperthyroidism, vitamin A intoxication, aluminum intoxication; and milk-alkali syndrome.
A condition characterized by an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, depression, loss of appetite, nausea, and constipation.