A movement of the uterus downwards due to weakening of the structures of the pelvic floor, e.g. because of age or a difficult childbirth.
A condition in which the uterus drops down from its normal position into the vagina. Prolapse occurs when the ligaments holding the uterus in place are stretched by pregnancy and childbirth or are weakened after menopause due to loss of estrogen. Depending on the degree of prolapse, symptoms can include a lump or bulge in the vagina, a feeling of heaviness and discomfort, occasional backache, and stress incontinence (leaking of urine when a woman coughs or sneezes).
Downward displacement of the uterus from its normal position in the female reproductive tract. It can be classified by its severity: 1st degree: the cervix is within the vagina; 2nd degree: the cervix protrudes through the introitus; 3rd degree: the uterus and inverted vaginal walls lie outside of the vaginal introitus. Uterine prolapse is usually caused by relaxation of the tissues that provide support for the pelvic organs.
A condition in which a defective pelvic floor allows the uterus or part of it to protrude out of the vagina. In first-degree uterine prolapse, the cervix uteri reaches down to the vaginal introitus. In second-degree uterine prolapse, it protrudes out from the vagina. In third-degree uterine prolapse, the entire uterus lies outside of the vagina.
This condition involves the descent of the uterus from its usual position into the vaginal area. The extent of prolapse ranges from first-degree prolapse, where there’s a minor shift in the uterus, to third-degree prolapse (also known as procidentia), where the uterus is visible outside the vulva.
This condition can occasionally be linked to vaginal anomalies such as cystocele, where the bladder protrudes into the front wall of the vagina; urethrocele, involving the bulging of the urethra into the front vaginal wall; and rectocele, characterized by the protrusion of the rectal wall into the rear vaginal wall.
The primary reason for prolapse is the stretching of uterine-supporting ligaments, which is the most prevalent cause. Additionally, obesity can exacerbate uterine prolapse.
Frequently, no noticeable symptoms are present, although an occasional sensation of pelvic discomfort may occur. In more advanced instances, a portion or the entirety of the uterus might become visible. The presence of a concurrent cystocele, urethrocele, or rectocele could lead to urinary leakage or challenges in urination or bowel movements. Diagnosis is established through a physical examination.
Engaging in pelvic floor exercises enhances the vaginal muscles’ strength, consequently lowering the likelihood of experiencing a prolapse, particularly after giving birth. In many cases, surgical intervention becomes essential to mend the structures responsible for supporting the uterus.
In cases of a significant prolapse, the typical approach to treatment often includes performing a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) along with the reinforcement of ligaments. In rare circumstances where surgery is not recommended, a ring-shaped plastic pessary might be inserted into the vagina to provide support and maintain the uterus in its proper position.