The National Organization for Rare Disorders (2000) describes AIDS dysmorphic syndrome (ADS) as a rare disorder of infancy that can result from a mother’s infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy. HIV is the retrovirus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This syndrome has many synonyms, such as dysmorphic AIDS, fetal AIDS infection, HIV embryopathy, and perinatal AIDS. ADS is caused by the transmission of HIV-1 or HIV-2, both forms of the human immunodeficiency virus. The transmission can occur during fetal development or during the birth of the child. Current data suggest that the most likely time for transmission of HIV between mother and infant occurs late in pregnancy or during delivery.