Alpers disease, also known as progressive infantile poliodystrophy, is a neurological condition occurring in infants and children. The degeneration of cerebral gray matter results in motor disturbances, seizures, and dementia. It is also common for patients with Alpers disease to develop liver damage. Although a familial form has been identified, the etiology is still unknown for most cases. Males and females are affected equally. There are very few cases of Alpers disease reported in the United States.