Refers to the processes via which one organism produces a substance that is toxic or repellent to another organism (e.g., a parasite) that is attacking the first organism. For example, certain varieties of com/maize {Zea mays Z.) produce chemical substances in their roots that are toxic to the com rootworm.
An association or relationship between two organisms in which one is harmful to the other.
The stunting of a microbe’s proliferation through the introduction of antibiotics, which are compounds generated by a distinct microbe.