Author: Glossary

One of the three bones of the middle ear that transmits sound vibrations from the ear drum to the inner ear. One of the three ossicles in the middle ear, shaped like a stirrup. One of the three ossicles (small bones) of the middle ear; it resembles a tiny stirrup and transmits vibrations from the…

A score that indicates a learner’s position in a distribution divided into nine one-half standard deviation units.  

An intelligence test that compares a subject’s performance in developmentally graded tasks to a chronological norm.  

Translation of functions into specific tasks and measurements that distinguish among various levels of performance. Generally, a measure set by competent authority as the rule for measuring quantity or quality. Conformity with standards is usually a condition of licensure, accreditation, or payment for services. Standards may be defined in relation to the actual or predicted…

In epidemiology, an arbitrary distribution of a characteristic is used as a common standard for two groups when comparing their rates.  

A county or a group of contiguous counties containing at least one city of 50,000 or more inhabitants.  

Based upon the norms of a large population. It is best used to verify strengths and weaknesses of a program and to justify what is being done. Tests that have been developed through use on large groups, with the resulting scores being used to establish norms for students of specific ages or grades, their main…

In epidemiology, the ratio of observed events to those expected if standard rates are applied to the study populations. Usually the figure used in indirect adjustments.  

The group against which a person’s test score is evaluated.  

A measure of the variability of the mean whose value depends both upon the standard deviation of the distribution and upon the number of cases in the sample.