A treatment in which an individual with cancer receives his or her own previously harvested healthy bone marrow or stem cells to replace bone marrow that has been damaged by chemotherapy or radiation. Autologous bone marrow transplant avoids the problems associated with using bone marrow from a donor whose cells may not be a good genetic match for the recipient. In cases of a poor genetic match, donor cells may be rejected by the recipient or may attack the recipient’s cells in a a “graft-versus-host” reaction.