Methods of contraception that prevent pregnancy by keeping sperm from entering a woman’s uterus. There are several types of barrier contraceptives, including condoms (both male and female), diaphragms, and cervical caps. A doctor can provide information on the advantages and disadvantages of contraceptive methods.
Contraception involves the utilization of devices and/or chemicals that physically hinder sperm from reaching an ovum, thus preventing fertilization and pregnancy. When used correctly in conjunction, barrier methods (e.g., condoms) and spermicides (preparations that eliminate sperm) can be highly effective in preventing conception. Notably, barrier methods of contraception also provide protection against the sexual transmission of diseases like HIV, genital herpes, and viral hepatitis.
The male condom, a latex sheath that is placed over the penis, is among the most commonly employed barrier contraceptives. It serves as an effective method to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) as well as unintended pregnancies. On the other hand, the female condom, which lines the vagina, is larger in size but operates on a similar principle to the male condom, providing a barrier to protect against STIs and unwanted pregnancies.
Women have access to other barrier methods such as the diaphragm and the cap. The diaphragm is a hemispherical dome made of thin rubber, designed with a metal spring in the rim to keep it securely in place against the vaginal wall, effectively blocking the entrance to the cervix. It is typically used in combination with a spermicide to enhance its contraceptive efficacy. Alternatively, a cervical cap, which serves as an alternative to the diaphragm, can be utilized as well.
Spermicides are available in various forms, including aerosol foams, creams, gels, and pessaries. They are inserted into the vagina, as close to the cervix as possible, shortly before engaging in sexual intercourse. While some condoms come pre-coated with spermicide, it is important to note that not all types of spermicide are compatible with rubber barrier devices. Therefore, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and guidelines for safe and effective use.