Bone taken from a donor site of the patient (autogenous) or from an outside source (allograft, alloplastic, or xenograft). A bone graft is used in the alveolar ridge to augment a bone deficiency. It can be used with simultaneous or subsequent implant placement. Source of an autogenous bone graft may be intraoral or extraoral in origin. Intraoral sources include adjacent cortical bone, anterior nasal spine, retromolar area, maxillary tuberosity, ramus, buccal shelf, and the mandibular symphysis. Extraoral sources of bone grafts include cranium, iliac crest, and tibia. Depending on the source, the graft is either more cortical or more cancellous in nature.
A piece of bone taken from one part of the body to repair a another bone.
A surgical procedure to repair lost or damaged bone by replacing it with bone tissue taken from another part of the body or with a compatible synthetic material. Medical procedures that may involve bone grafts include fusion of the spine and of the arm and leg joints, closure of gaps in bones due to trauma or infection, oral or maxillofacial surgery, and the repair of certain bone fractures. Bone grafts are typically used to fill fracture defects in the growth plate at the end of the long bones in the arms and legs. Generally, the bone tissue or synthetic material is formed to fit into the area needing the graft, and rigid internal fixation is supplied by means of plates, pins, and screws, which hold the grafted, or implanted, material to the healthy bone tissue. Cells of the host bone regenerate on the porous framework of the bone graft, which provides support for the new bone tissue and related structures, stimulating their growth and enabling them to establish new connections between the separated segments of bone.
A piece of bone usually taken from the tibia and inserted elsewhere in the body to replace another osseous structure. Bone storage banks have been established.
A surgical procedure involving the extraction of small bone fragments from a specific area of the body is performed to rectify or substitute abnormal or absent bone in another location. The transplanted bone graft ultimately undergoes necrosis, but it serves as a framework upon which resilient new bone regenerates and develops.
The bone grafts are typically obtained from the iliac crests, which are the upper regions of the hipbones. These areas possess a substantial quantity of inner, porous bone, making them highly suitable for facilitating the successful integration of grafts. Additionally, the ribs, known for their curved structure, and the ulna, situated in the forearm, are other commonly utilized sources for bone grafts.