Most uterine cancers are tumors involving cells in the uterine lining (endometrium). Symptoms include abnormal bleeding, spotting, or discharge from the vagina. Cancer of the uterus is rare before age 40 and most often occurs in women between ages 60 and 75.
A malignant neoplasm of the uterus, suggested by size, intermittent bleeding, purulent discharge, and detected by vaginal or Papanicolaou smear, or cervical or endometrial biopsy. Cancer may produce sterility, abortion, hemorrhage, or sepsis.
A cancerous tumor that develops within the uterine tissues is referred to as uterine cancer. This type of cancer primarily targets the cervix and the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus. In rare instances, a form of cancer known as leiomyosarcoma can affect the uterine muscle. Typically, when we mention “uterine cancer,” we are specifically talking about cancer that originates in the endometrium.
Factors that increase the risk of endometrial cancer encompass conditions that elevate estrogen levels in the body, such as obesity, a track record of irregular ovulation, or prolonged usage of estrogen hormones without concurrent progestogen medication for balance. Additionally, the medication tamoxifen, employed in breast cancer treatment, amplifies the likelihood of developing uterine cancer. This type of cancer is more prevalent among women who have given birth to few or no children.
Prior to experiencing menopause, the initial indication of uterine cancer might manifest as menorrhagia, characterized by unusually heavy menstrual periods, or as episodes of bleeding occurring between periods or after sexual intercourse. Following menopause, the primary sign commonly observed is a vaginal discharge tinged with blood.
The diagnosis involves conducting a hysteroscopy, which entails examining the interior of the uterus using a visualization tool, followed by a biopsy to obtain tissue samples for microscopic evaluation. In cases of very early-stage endometrial cancer, the typical approach is to perform a hysterectomy, which involves surgically removing the uterus, along with the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Should the cancer have advanced beyond the uterus, treatment options might encompass the use of radiotherapy and anticancer medications.