Category: A

The values used to express the amount of energy that is available from a gram of any macronutrient are often termed Atwater factors, after the researcher most credited for their determination, W. O. Atwater. Fat, protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol are typically estimated to provide 9, 4, 4, and 7 kcal/g, respectively.  

An athlete is a person who competes in a sporting event. Athletes who are extremely well trained for their particular sports are often referred to as elite athletes.  

A food-intolerance reaction resulting from the pharmacological effect of a food component. A well-known example is caffeine, a methylxanthine derivative present in coffee. Its biological action includes stimulation of the heart muscle, the central nervous system, and the production of gastrin. Symptoms associated with a high coffee intake are restlessness, tremors, weight loss, palpitations, and…

An anticoagulant.  

The sequential isolation of clones carrying overlapping sequences of DNA, allowing large regions of the chromosomes to be spanned. Walking is often performed to reach a specific area of interest.  

Determined by measuring wrist circumference at the smallest circumference distal to the styloid process of the radius and ulna and comparing to established classifications as small, medium, or large body frame.  

Additives involved in idiosyncratic food intolerance reactions. Tartrazine, a yellow azo dye, is frequently associated with these reactions. In Europe, it is used in lemonades, puddings, ice cream, mayonnaise, sweets, and preservatives. Urticaria and angioedema sometimes are associated with the ingestion of this dye.  

Reaction of an organic compound with elemental oxygen under mild conditions. Compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, alcohols, phenols, and amines may undergo autoxidation. Free fatty acids are more susceptible to autoxidation than the fatty acids attached to glycerol as part of triacyglycerides.  

A genetic trait or characteristic carried on any of the chromosomes except the sex chromosomes.  

A genetic trait that will express itself only if the individual inherits two identical copies of the same gene (one from each parent). It refers (usually) to a mutated gene on any chromosome except the X or Y chromosomes (the sex chromosomes).