Category: A

A computer using ideas and methods of computation. Investigators use AI to understand and recreate the principles that make  intelligence possible. Aspects of cognitive processing carried out by a computer. A term used to describe a type of system in which the computer appears to be “thinking,” and thus exhibits intelligence. Although the system appears…

A form of dementia that is caused by thromboembolic cerebral vascular disease. It is usually associated with microinfarcts and vascular changes in areas of the brain where no overt motor signs, such as arm and leg weakness, are noted.  

  A commercial preparation of trihexyphenidyl. An anticholinergic medication used to treat muscle stiffness and other motor side effects from Parkinson’s disease or as a result of treatment with traditional antipsychotics such as Haldol (haloperidol) . The brand name for trihexyphenidyl.  

A category of sleep disorders (also known as parasomnias) that includes sleepwalking and sleep terrors. Most of the symptoms are due to central nervous system (CNS) activation, specifically motor and autonomic discharge. Arousal disorders have several features in common: mental confusion and disorientation, automatic behaviors, nonresponse to external stimuli, difficulty in being fully awakened, and…

A physiological and psychological state of being awake, alert, or reactive to stimuli. In psychology, a state of generalized physiological activation manifest in bodily changes such as increased heart rate and palmar sweating. Felling and physical signs of sexual desire. The act of waking up from sleep, unconsciousness or a drowsy state. Increased responsiveness to…

An atypical stimulant (the r-enantiomer [a stereoisomer] of modafinil) indicated for promoting wakefulness in patients with excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea; narcolepsy; and circadian rhythm sleep disorder, shift work type. Marketed under the brand name nuvigil.  

An atypical antipsychotic medication indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia, acute manic and mixed episodes of bipolar disorder, irritability associated with autistic disorder, and agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar mania. Aripiprazole is also used as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder. Marketed under the brand name abilify.  

Brand name for the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drug donepezil. Aricept is a brand name for the medication donepezil, which is classified as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It is commonly prescribed to manage symptoms associated with Alzheimer’s disease.  

Loss of a previously possessed ability to carry out motor activities despite intact comprehension and motor function; may be seen in dementia. Loss or impairment of ability to perform coordinated movements, especially impairment of the ability to use common objects for their intended purposes. The inability to recall skilled movement, usually as a result of…