Category: C

The gradual breakdown of food molecules in the presence of oxygen within cells, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and water and the release of energy in the forms of ATP and heat. In many intermediary reactions, substances other than oxygen act as oxidizing agents (i.e., hydrogen or electron acceptors). Reactions are catalyzed by…

The peculiar clinking sound sometimes heard on chest percussion in cases of advanced tuberculosis when cavities are present. A distinct clinking noise that can sometimes be elicited by tapping over tuberculous cavities in the chest, known as vesicular resonance. This sound is in contrast to the noise produced over a healthy, air-filled lung.  

A pouch made from the intestines used to hold urine in the abdomen, e.g., in patients who have had the urinary bladder removed. This internal pouch is an alternative to an ileostomy. It contains the urine and can be emptied by manual pressure or, more often, by catheterization.  

A device used to salvage autologous blood lost by patients as they undergo cardiovascular surgery.  

The ability of the heart to increase cardiac output to meet the needs of increased energy output,  

Research based mainly on bedside observation of the patient rather than on laboratory work.  

Late and ongoing destruction of grafted or transplanted tissue. It most commonly involves vascular changes and interstitial fibrosis. Immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus and cyclosporine has significantly reduced this T-cell- mediated rejection process.  

A list of patients diagnosed with cancer, kept to facilitate patient follow-up, as well as research about cancer causes, therapies, and outcomes.  

The anterior, posterior, and lateral chest areas. Anterior divisions (right and left) are the clavicular, infraclavicular, and supraclavicular, the mammary and inframammary, and the upper and lower sternal. Posterior divisions (right and left) are the scapular, infra-scapular, inter-scapular, and suprascapular. Lateral divisions are the axillary and infra-axillary.  

The quotient of the sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of the angle of refraction.