Category: C

A chemical used as an antimicrobial agent in skin creams and in disinfectants. Phenol disinfectant, non-irritant to skin and active against Streptococci, but relatively inactive against some bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An antiseptic, derived from phenol but less toxic and more selective in bactericidal activity, used mainly in solution as a skin disinfectant. A potent…

A drug which helps the body to produce more urine, used in the treatment of high blood pressure, swelling and heart failure. Diuretic and antihypertensive used in the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) and edema. Adverse effects include electrolyte imbalances. A diuretic used to treat fluid retention (edema) and high blood pressure (hypertension). It…

A drug used to prevent and treat malaria, but to which resistance has developed in some parts of the world. Antibiotic used in the treatment of malaria, amebic dysentery, and systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). A drug used principally in the treatment and prevention of malaria but also used in rheumatoid arthritis, certain liver infections and…

A bone tumour associated with acute leukaemia. A tumor that arises in association with myeloid leukemia and consists essentially of a mass of leukemic cells. A freshly cut specimen of the tumor appears green, but the color rapidly disappears on exposure to air. It shows red fluorescence with ultraviolet light and responds to specific antileukemic…

A powerful drug formerly used as an anaesthetic. Chloride-containing liquid used as a solvent, sedative, and anesthetic. Although widely used as a general anesthetic (the first inhalation anesthetic) in earlier times and still used in some Third World countries (largely because no sophisticated equipment is available), chloroform is now recognized as a dangerous drug (e.g.,…

A sedative used in the treatment of people with alcoholism. A sedative and hypnotic drug used to treat insomnia in the elderly (when associated with confusion, agitation, and restlessness) and drug withdrawal symptoms (especially in alcoholism). It is administered by mouth or injection and the most common side-effects are tingling sensations in the nose and…

Apparatus for adding chlorine to water.  

A salt of hydrochloric acid. A major anion in the extracellular fluid. The major dietary source is table salt (NaCl). The normal concentration of chloride ions in serum is about 100 meq/L. Chloride is the most abundant extracellular anion. Most of our dietary chloride is provided by salt (NaCl); however, chloride is also present in…

A powerful antibiotic which sometimes causes the collapse of blood cell production, so is used only for treating life-threatening diseases such as meningitis. Synthetic antibiotic (originally extracted from Streptomyces venezuelae) of broad range, principally bacteriostatic in action. Occasionally toxic, especially to bone marrow. Antibacterial and anti-rickettsial agent, effective in treating many serious infections (especially typhoid…

A drug which is toxic to cells, used in cancer treatment. A drug that destroys cancer cells. It is given by mouth and used mainly in the treatment of chronic leukemias. Prolonged large doses may cause damage to the bone marrow. One of several alkylating agents widely used in cancer chemotherapy, chlorambucil is an oral…