Category: C

A defect of the heart that is present at birth. A heart condition existing at birth. An abnormality or malformation of the heart or the blood vessels connected to the heart that is present at birth. The causes of congenital heart disease are unknown. Current research tentatively suggests that contributing factors may include genetic abnormalities…

Any physical abnormality present at birth.  

An abnormality present at birth. A medical condition arising during development of the fetus and present at birth. Birth defect; abnormality, especially a structural one, present at birth; may be inherited, acquired during pregnancy, or inflicted as the result of the birth process; two examples are Down’s syndrome and cleft palate resulting from incomplete development…

Variables whose effects are so intermixed that they cannot be measured separately, making design of the experiment internally invalid and its results impossible to interpret. To introduce bias into a research study.  

In epidemiology, a factor related to a health condition that is distributed differently in different groups resulting in confusion in making comparisons of the rates of the health condition in the various groups, confounding.  

Reflecting the fact that two or more variables that might have caused an effect were simultaneously present, so that we do not know to which to attribute the effect, confounding variable. The combined effect of the factor under investigation and other factors. A factor can only be a confounder if the occurrence of the disease…

A change in belief or behavior as the result of real or imagined social pressure.  

A model devised by Zajonc and Markus for predicting characteristics of one’s intellectual growth curve from knowledge about family size, birth order, and spacing.  

A process used to resolve differences. All parties accept the agreed upon decision and work together toward a solution. The methods used by disputing parties to settle their differences. Common methods include accommodating each other’s needs, compromising, or working together toward shared goals; or avoiding, competing with, or attempting to defeat the opponent.  

An area of law dealing with the clarification of inconsistencies and differences in laws or jurisdictions as they apply to the rights of individuals in particular actions.