Category: C

The regeneration of spent cofactor by an auxiliary reaction such that it may be reused many times over by a cofactor requiring enzyme during a reaction.  

A water-soluble vitamin known as pantothenic acid. A coenzyme in all living cells. It is required by certain condensing enzymes and functions in acyl-group transfer and in fatty-acid metabolism. Abbreviated CoA. A complex molecule containing pantothenic acid is required for fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, and for the synthesis of cholesterol and phospholipids combines with…

An international regulatory body that is part of the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), it is one of the three international SPS (sanitary and phytosanitary) standard-setting organizations that is recognized by the World Trade Organization (WTO). It was created in 1962 by the UN’s FAO and the World Health Organization (WHO). It has…

The additional (accidental) cloning (i.e., copying) of extra molecular fragments, other than the desired one, that sometimes occurs when a scientist is attempting to clone a molecule.  

A genus of bacteria. Most are obligate anaerobes, and form endospores. A type of bacteria. One of the two genera which together form the family of the Bacillaceae. The clostridia are spore-bearing anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli, many species being saprophytes found in putrefying organic material, others pathogens causing gas gangrene, tetanus and botulism in man and…

Also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle [TCA cycle because the citric acid molecule contains three (tri) carboxyl (acid) groups]. Also known as the Krebs cycle after H. A. Krebs, who first postulated the existence of the cycle in 1937 under its original name of “citric acid cycle.” A cyclic sequence of chemical reactions that…

A gene that codes for (i.e., causes to be produced by an organism possessing that gene) the enzyme known as citrate synthase. A bacterial gene that is utilized by certain bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas) to code for (i.e., cause to be produced by bacterium possessing that gene) the enzyme known as citrate synthase. That enzyme is…

The enzyme that is utilized (e.g., by plants) to synthesize (i.e., create) citric acid.  

Synonymous with gene. A unit of function. The section of a DNA or RNA chain that controls the amino-acid sequence of a single polypeptide chain in protein synthesis. A cistron can be regarded as the functional equivalent of a gene. A DNA sequence that codes for a specific protein (i.e., a gene).  

Assays (determines) the effect of relative configuration on expression of two (gene) mutations. In a double heterozygote, two mutations in the same gene show mutant phenotype in trans configuration, wild (phenotype) in cis configuration. The phenotypic distinction is referred to as the position effect.