Category: C

A social worker who applies the theory and methods of social work to the treatment and prevention of psychosocial dysfunction, disability, or impairment with individuals, families, and small groups. Many states require a license to practice clinical social work. Usually, certification requires a master’s degree in social work, at least 2 years’ work experience, and…

Menopausal period in women. Sometimes used to refer to the corresponding age period in men. Also called involutional period. The physical and mental changes occurring at the termination of the reproductive years in the female. Time in a woman’s Life associated with changes in her endocrine system and other body systems often accompanied by emotional…

A type of thinking in which the sound of a word, rather than its meaning, gives the direction to subsequent associations. Punning and rhyming may substitute for logic, and language may become increasingly a senseless compulsion to associate and decreasingly a vehicle for communication. For example, in response to the statement “That will probably remain…

A naturally occurring endogenous nucleoside widely used in the treatment of loss of consciousness due to head trauma and brain surgery. Citicoline also has been used in the treatment of patients recovering from ischemic stroke, showing improvement in their cognitive function.  

A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressant medication approved to treat depression and also used by clinicians to treat certain anxiety disorders. Marketed under the brand name celexa. An antidepressant drug. Citalopram (Celexa, and others] is one of a group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) that are thought to work by raising levels of…

A radiological study used to evaluate the flow pattern of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by the introduction of a non-diffusible radiopharmaceutical agent into the subarachnoid space. Cisternography is used in the diagnosis of communicating hydrocephalus and CSF leaks and the postoperative evaluation of ventricular shunts. Radiographic evaluation of the basal cisterns of the brain and of…

A pattern of speech that is indirect and delayed in reaching its goal because of excessive or irrelevant detail or parenthetical remarks. The speaker does not lose the point, as is characteristic of lossening of associations, and clauses remain logically connected, but to the listener it seems that the end will never be reached. Compare…

A family of sleep disorders that affects the timing of sleep (among other things). Circadian rhythm sleep disorders may be characterized as either extrinsic or intrinsic. Formerly known as sleep-wake schedule disorder; a dyssomnia consisting of sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia that is due to a mismatch between the sleep-wake schedule required…

A ridge in the medial part of the brain. The cortical part of the cingulate gyrus is referred to as the cingulate cortex. The cingulate gyrus functions as an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory. A brain structure with a long, curved convolution on…