Category: C
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Cardiovascular disease
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Disease of the heart and blood vessels, including coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Any disease which affects the circulatory system, e.g. hypertension. A group of degenerative diseases characterized by a diminution of heart action. The oxygen and nutrient supply to the heart may be impeded because the coronary…
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Cardiorespiratory warm-up
Designed to gradually overload the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in preparation for an aerobic training segment. Movements progressively become more vigorous to increase the workload.
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Cardiorespiratory fitness
The body’s physical capacity to perform large muscle movement over a prolonged period of time. The ability to deliver and use oxygen under the demands of intensive, prolonged exercise or work. Fitness of the heart and blood vessels and lungs. Generally thought to be best promoted by aerobic exercise. The capacity of the heart and…
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Cardiorespiratory endurance
The capacity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to deliver oxygen to the working muscles for sustained periods of energy production. The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to mobilize the body’s energy and sustain movement over an extended period of time, cardiorespiratory efficiency. Cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) is the ability to deliver essential…
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Cardiorespiratory cool-down
To gradually decrease the heart rate and respiration rate before continuing with isolated muscular conditioning or stretching.
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Cardiac output
The volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in one minute. Usually expressed as CO = SV × HR, or cardiac output equals stroke volume times heart rate. The amount of blood pumped per unit of time, in liters per minute. The quantity of blood pumped by the heart measured in a specific unit of…
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Cardiac muscle
The muscle of the heart, striated muscle; smooth muscle. A muscle in the heart which makes the heart beat. Special striated muscle of the heart, involuntary in function; one of three major types of muscle (the other two are smooth muscle and striated muscle). The heart’s striated muscle is unusual because involuntary muscle is usually…
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Cardiac cycle
Simultaneous contraction of the atria followed by simultaneous contraction of the ventricles. The sequence of events in one heartbeat. One complete sequence of contraction and relaxation of the heart. The repeated beating of the heart, formed of the diastole and systole. Cycle of events during which an electrical impulse is conducted through special fibers in…
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Capillaries
Where the arteries and veins meet. Very thin membranes that readily allow the exchange of oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide and waste products through their walls. The intricate network of tiny blood vessels that permeate most of the body’s tissues. Capillaries serve as the juncture between the arterial and venous systems and help cells…
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Calories
A measurement of energy or units of heat. A unit of energy used to express the energy yield of foods and energy expenditure by the body; the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water through 1°C (from 14.5 to 15.5°C). Nutritionally the kilocalorie (1000 calories) is used (the amount…