Category: C

Surgical removal of the gallbladder to treat inflammation (cholecystitis) and/or presence of stones in the gallbladder (cholelithiasis). A cholecystectomy is performed in severe cases of cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder. Cholecystitis is usually the result of gallstones (solid masses, primarily of cholesterol, formed in the gallbladder). Cholecystectomy is also indicated for patients with recurrent…

A recessive X-linked defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. A type of inflammation where macrophages are converted into epithelial-like cells as a result of infection, as in tuberculosis or sarcoidosis. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare genetic syndrome…

Quality of being capable of producing a specific toxic action upon cells of special organs. The degree to which something is toxic to living cells.  

Anticancer drugs that kill cells, especially cancer cells.  

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm. The network of intracellular fibers that gives a cell its shape and structural rigidity. The internal structural framework of a cell consisting of three types of filaments: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These form a dynamic framework…

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.    

A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids. One of the pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids. One of the four basic chemicals in DNA. A pyrimidine base found in the genetic materials DNA and RNA. A pyrimidine base that is part of DNA and RNA. In DNA it is paired with guanine.…

Cytochromes (electron-transporting proteins) with protoheme or a related heme as the prosthetic group. The prosthetic group is not covalently bound to the protein moiety.  

Any electron transfer hemoprotein having a mode of action in which the transfer of a single electron is effected by a reversible valence change of the central iron atom of the heme prosthetic group between the +2 and +3 oxidation states; classified as cytochromes a in which the heme contains a formyl side chain, cytochromes…

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form cystine. A covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine. A non-essential amino acid, but nutritionally important since it spares the essential amino acid methionine. In addition…