Category: E

The fluid compartment that surrounds cells, tissues, and organs. It is distributed into several sub¬ compartments (plasma, interstitial, and lymph fluids; fluids around connective tissue, cartilage, and bone; and transcellular fluids), which are not clearly defined. About 45% of the total body water is found in the extracellular compartments. Water that is found outside of…

A cloning vector designed so that a coding sequence inserted at a particular site will be transcribed and translated into protein.  

Studies in which the exposure conditions are chosen by the investigator. For ethical reasons, exposure restrictions exist. The most important one is that examining potentially toxic substances in humans is prohibited. This implies that potentially adverse effects of food components can only be investigated in animal studies. In experimental studies, two groups of subjects are…

Nutrition education program available in the United States to low-income mothers of young children. EFNEP is a program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.  

Nutrients in the diet.  

Cells that produce secretions into the surrounding environment. Examples are mucous-producing cells of the respiratory tract and enzyme-producing cells of the intestinal tract.  

The excision nuclease enzyme that is involved in nucleotide exchange or repair of DNA.  

A nonsteroid anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic drug. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of arthritis and for pain; side effects include stomach irritation and intestinal bleeding.  

Ethanol, once consumed, is absorbed by simple diffusion. The diffusion is affected by the amount of alcohol consumed, the regional blood flow, the surface area, and the presence of other foods. Absorption is fastest in the duodenum and jejunum; slower in the stomach, ileum, and colon; and slowest in the mouth and esophagus. The rate…

An antirheumatic drug. A drug used to treat the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. Etanercept (Enbrel) is used in cases of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Etanercept is designed to block the action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a protein that causes the joint inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Because it compromises the ability of the…