Category: E

An American federal law that makes it illegal for a physician to refer a patient to a health care facility in which the physician (or a family member) has a financial interest. Also known as the Stark Act.  

The application of moral principles to human (especially commercial or industrial) interactions with nature. It is an important principle of occupational safety and public health because of the potential threats posed to health when biological agents, pollutants, toxins, or other commercial waste products are not carefully managed.  

A formal but not legally binding document in which individuals relay their blessings, concerns, feelings, regrets, thoughts, moral guidance, or life instructions to others.  

A formal evaluation of the moral grounding of a proposed academic or research project before it is begun. The review is an attempt to ensure that the research will treat its subjects fairly and safely, without exposing them or society at large to undue risk.  

Reasoning about what one ought to do as a guide for what one actually does, moral reasoning.  

Multiple irregular perforations of Peyer’s patches of the intestines. These patches are characteristic of typhoid fever.  

The sequence from the beginning of one estrus period to the beginning of the next. It includes proestrus, estrus, and metestrus followed by a short period of quiescence called diestrus.  

The sexually fertile period in female mammals. In lay terminology, the period of heat.  

Estrogen manufactured synthetically from plant sources.  

The production of vaginal epithelial changes characteristic of estrogen stimulation.