Glossary

Category: G

  • Gonatropins

    Protein hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the pituitary gland of vertebrates.  

  • Gonadotroph

    A basophilic cell of the anterior pituitary specialized to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone.  

  • Goitre

    Goitre

    An enlargement of the thyroid gland leading to swelling of the neck or larynx. Enlargement of the thyroid gland, seen as a swelling in the neck; may be hypothyroid, with low production of hormones, euthyroid (normal levels of the hormones) or hyperthyroid. An excessive enlargement of the thyroid gland, seen as a swelling round the…

  • Glycosylases

    A family of enzymes involved in base excision repair.  

  • Glycosuria

    Or glucosuria is an abnormal condition of osmotic diuresis due to excretion of glucose by the kidneys into the urine. Appearance of glucose in the urine, as in diabetes and after the administration of drugs that lower the renal threshold. Presence of sugar, particularly glucose, in the urine. Sugar in the urine typical of diabetes…

  • Glycometabolism

    Metabolism (oxidation) of glucose to produce energy.  

  • Glycogenolysis

    Is the catabolism of glycogen by removal of a glucose monomer through cleavage with inorganic phosphate to produce glucose-1-phosphate. The breakdown of glycogen. The breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as a metabolic fuel and to maintain the normal blood concentration of glucose in the fasting state. Stimulated by the hormones glucagon and adrenaline.…

  • Glycation or glycosylation

    A chemical reaction in which glycosyl groups are added to a protein to produce a glycoprotein.  

  • Glutathione S-transferase (GST)

    A major group of detoxification enzymes that participate in the detoxification of reactive electrophilic compounds by catalysing their conjugation to glutathione.  

  • Glutathione (GSH)

    A tripeptide produced in the human liver and plays a key role in intermediary metabolism, immune response and health. It plays an important role in scavenging free radicals and protects cells against several toxic oxygen-derived chemical species. A tripeptide (y-glutamyl-cysteinyl- glycine) which is involved in oxidation- reduction reactions, the conjugation of foreign substances for excretion…