Category: G
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Genotype
The genetic composition of an individual or defined population. The total of the genes inherited from the parents and passed on to progeny. The total set of genes present at the time of conception, producing the genetic constitution. Entire genetic constitution of an individual cell or organism. The total genetic, or hereditary, constitution that an…
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Genomics
The study of the genes and their interrelationships in order to recognize the combined effect on the growth and development of the organism. The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (genome) of organisms. The study of the structure and function of genes. The scientific study of genes and their role in an organism’s structure,…
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Genome
The complete chromosomal set derived from one parent. The genetic chromosomal complement of an organism or cell; The circular DNA molecules found in plastids and mitochondria. The complete genetic information of an organism. The entire hereditary material (which was proven by Oswald Avery in 1944 to be DNA) in a cell. It is composed of…
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Genioplasty
A surgical procedure performed to alter the contour of the mandibular symphysis. Plastic surgery of the chin. An operation performed in plastic surgery to build up the cheek bone with grafted bone, cartilage, or artificial material. Plastic surgery of the chin or cheek. A surgical procedure carried out to alter the shape of the chin.…
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Genial tubercles
Bony projections at the midline on the lower lingual surface of the mandible to which the genioglossus muscle attaches above and the geniohyoid muscle below.
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Genial
Relating to the chin.
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General anesthesia
A drug‐induced loss of consciousness during which patients are not arousable, even by painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function is often impaired. Agent, usually given by inhalation or intravenous injection, that produces unconsciousness and complete loss of sensation throughout the body; it is used for major surgery (e.g., removal of a lung…
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Gene transfer
Introduction of genes into cells. The viral particle binds to specific cellular receptors and is taken up by endocytosis. Acidification of the endosome results in release to the cytoplasm and partial disassembly of the viral particle. Transport through the nuclear pore is by viral proteins. Once in the nucleus, the DNA remains extrachromosomal, and transcription…
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Gene therapy
Treatment of human disease by the transfer of genetic material into specific cells. A new, still largely experimental approach to treating genetic disorders, which involves inserting into the body (by various means) cells containing healthy genes to replace the defective ones, and perhaps in the future also actually manipulating the body’s genes to correct defects.…
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Gene
A segment of a DNA molecule coded for the synthesis of a single polypeptide; a unit of genetic information. Hereditary factor, unit of inheritance, a long strand of DNA. The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a…