Category: H

An herbal extract promoted for the treatment of weight loss. Placebo-controlled studies have not found any benefit to the treatment.  

An acid present in the urine, especially in diabetic ketoacidosis, when fatty acid conversion to ketones increases. An organic acid, which plays a role in the metabolism of fats and belongs to a category of compounds known as acetone bodies or ketone bodies. This acid can be detected in the bloodstream during conditions like diabetes,…

A chemical that, when bound to radioactive technetium, is used to demonstrate the formation and flow of bile.  

An acid containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups in addition to the carboxyl (-COOH) group (e.g., lactic acid, CH3COHCOOH).  

A highly corrosive solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It can be used in dentistry to etch composites and porcelain surfaces and is used industrially to etch glass. Exposures to the skin and aerodigestive tract cause severe burns with local necrosis and systemic manifestations resulting from disordered calcium and potassium metabolism. Treatments with calcium gluconate…

An acid used in solution in various forms of chemical analyses.  

Absence of free acid in gastric secretion even after subcutaneous injection of histamine hydrochloride.  

A substance that combines with hydrogen and is reduced when a substrate is oxidized by an enzyme.  

A reduced circulating blood volume. Acutely, it is caused by unreplaced losses from bleeding, sweating, diarrhoea, vomiting or diuresis. Chronically it may be caused by inadequate fluid intake. Hypovolemia is a condition characterized by an unusually low volume of blood in the circulatory system. This typically occurs as a result of blood loss due to…

Hypoglycaemia or low blood sugar occurs when a patient with diabetes mellitus suffers an imbalance between carbohydrate/glucose intake and insulin dosage. If there is more insulin than is needed to help metabolise the available carbohydrate, it causes a range of symptoms such as sweating, trembling, pounding heartbeat, anxiety, hunger, nausea, tiredness and headache. If the…