Category: H

A chemical nomenclature prefix meaning “different.” For example, a heterocyclic compound is one with a (ring) structure made up of more than one kind of atom.  

The fraction of variation (of an individual’s given trait) that is due to genetics. For example, if a pig’s trait (e.g., weight at birth) is 30% heritable, that means that 30% of the (birthweight) difference between that individual pig and its (statistically representative) group of contemporaries (pigs) is due to genetics. The other 70% would…

Crop plants, cultivated by man, which have been altered to be able to survive application(s) of one or more herbicides by the incorporation of certain gene(s), via either genetic engineering or traditional breeding techniques. For example, crops (e.g., soybean, canola, cotton, corn/maize, etc.) are made tolerant to glyphosatecontaining herbicides by insertion (via genetic engineering techniques)…

Growth factors that stimulate the body to produce blood cells. Any of a group of at least seventeen substances involved in the production of blood cells, including several interleukins and erythropoietin.  

A class of colony stimulating factors (proteins) that stimulates bone marrow cells to produce certain types of red and white blood cells. Some colony stimulating factors are: Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) Erythropoietin (EPO) Interleukin-3 (IL-3) Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF).  

Cells (lymphocytes) which bind B cells (upon recognizing a foreign epitope on B cell surface). The binding stimulates B cell proliferation by secreting B cell growth factor. Component of the immune system that serves to direct antibody production by B cells in response to an antigen presented to the B cells by macrophages. White blood…

A spiral, staircase-like structure with a repeating pattern described by two simultaneous operations (rotation and translation). It is one of the natural conformations exhibited by biological polymers. Any structure with a spiral shape. The Watson and Crick model of DNA is in the form of a double. The curved outer edge of the ear. Coil-shaped…

Known as the tobacco budworm (when it is on tobacco plants), this is one of three insect species that is called “bollworms” (when they are on cotton plants). As part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), farmers can utilize the parasitic Euplectrus comstockki wasp to help control the tobacco budworm/cotton bollworm. When that wasp’s venom is…

Known as the com earwoim (when it is on com plants), and known as the tomato fruitwomi (when it is on tomato plants), this is one of three insect species that is called “bollworms” (when on cotton plants). H. zea is one of the insects that can act as a vector (carrier) of Aspergillus flavus…

The regions (domains) of the antibody (molecule’s) “heavy chain” that vary in their amino acid sequence. The “chains” (of atoms) comprising the antibody (immunoglobulin) molecule consist of a region of variable (V) amino acid sequence and a region in which the amino acid sequence remains constant (C). An antibody molecule possesses two antigen binding sites,…