Category: H

Provision of unusually large amounts of energy, either intravenously (parenteral nutrition) or by nasogastric or gastrostomy tube (enteral nutrition). Infusion of life-sustaining fluids, electrolytes, and elements of nutrition intravenously or via the gastrointestinal tract. The feeding of large amounts of nutrients by mouth or intravenously to someone with serious nutritional deficiency. Early term for parenteral…

Prefix meaning above the normal range, or abnormally high. Beyond normal limits, excessive.  

The most abundant vitamin D derivative, found mainly in blood serum (plasma), which is usually measured so as to define vitamin D status. It is the precursor of the hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which is formed in the kidney, by an enzyme which is homeostatically controlled so as to liberate the appropriate amount of the hormone…

Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline is reduced in children suffering protein energy malnutrition. The index is the ratio of urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine per kg of body weight, and is low in malnourished children. A ring-structured nonessential amino acid.  

The calcium phosphate complex which is the main mineral of bones and teeth. The crystalline forms make up dental enamel. Calcium and phosphate salts that are responsible for the hardness of the bone matrix. The mineral complex that is deposited in the ground substance and provides hardness to bones and teeth. An inorganic compound, Ca5(PO4)3(OH),…

To split a complex compound into its constituent parts by the action of water, either enzymically or catalysed by the addition of acid or alkali.  

Conversion of liquid oils to semi-hard fats by the addition of hydrogen to the unsaturated double bonds. A process employed to alter the chemical and physical properties of a fat or oil. Generally, hydroge- nation is used to change a liquid oil into a semisolid or solid fat at ambient temperature and to enhance oxidative…

Liquid oils hardened by hydrogenation.  

International collaboration of laboratories to decipher the DNA sequence of the entire human genome. A multinational research effort begun in 1987 to map the entire sequence of the human genome. It was originally believed to be a project that would possibly take decades to complete. However, with the various technological advances that occurred, scientists completed…