Category: M

An example of bacteria producing these toxins is Staphylococcus aureus. They are nonmotile, gram-positive, nonspore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which produce several enzymes and toxins. The enzymes include coagulase (both free and bound to cell membrane staphylokinase), hydraluronidase, phosphatase, proteinase, lipase, and gelatinase. The toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are aexotoxin (lethal, dermonecrotic, hemolytic, and leucolytic),…

There are three major classes of lipids in membranes: (1) glycolipids, (2) cholesterol, and (3) phospholipids. Glycolipids have a role in the cell surface-associated antigens as well as cell-surface receptors, whereas cholesterol serves to regulate fluidity. Phospholipids have fatty acids attached at carbons 1 and 2. It is usual to find a saturated fatty acid…

A protein that binds melanocortin; the gene for this receptor has several variants. If there is an insufficient number of normal receptors, obesity can result.  

Plants that “may have” medicinal value. Some are recognized remedies while others are folklore. Excess intake of some of these may be toxic. Plants and their commercial preparations are highly variable in their active ingredient content.  

An integral part of the medical treatment for a specific disease state that improves the outcome and speeds up recovery. Components of medical nutrition therapy include nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, and nutrition treatment. The American Dietetic Association (ADA) defines this as the assessment of patient nutritional status followed by therapy, ranging from diet modification to…

Diet characterized by foods that have been altered in texture or form to make them easier to chew and swallow.  

The ratio of the volume of packed cells to the volume of the blood sample; an indirect measure of the number of red blood cells in a blood sample. A measure of the average size of the red blood cells. The mean volume of an average erythrocyte. Normal values range from 82 to 92 cubic…

One of the glycogen storage diseases that develops because of a mutation in the gene for muscle phosphorylase; characterized by exercise intolerance. McArdle disease, or glycogen storage disease Type V, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that results in a defect in glycogen breakdown in skeletal muscle tissue. The breakdown of glycogen is necessary to…

An alcohol of maltose.  

A shuttle for moving reducing equivalents into the mitochondria from the cytosol; has rate-limiting properties in gluconeogenesis.