Category: M
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Maximal oxygen uptake
The maximum oxygen that the body consumes during intense exercise. Maximal oxygen uptake is the greatest amount of oxygen that can be used by the body during intense exercise.
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Maximal heart rate (HRmax)
The highest heart rate an individual can achieve during an exercise session. A commonly accepted estimate of maximal heart rate is 220 minus age. Age-related maximal heart rate is determined by subtracting the person’s age from 220. For example, for a 50-year old person, the estimated maximum age-related heart rate would be calculated as 220…
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Monocotyledons
One of two major divisions of the angiosperms (a group of plants characterized by having ovules borne in ovaries), bearing only one cotyledon or seed leaf, for example, the grasses, lilies, bromeliads, orchids, and palms. Angiosperms having one cotyledon (seed leaf); the leaves are usually parallel-veined, and floral parts are in threes. A plant with…
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Milky latex
White-colored sap of a plant.
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Mature fruit
A fruit that has ripened; often a different color from when it was young.
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Monosaccharide
A sugar that may no longer be broken down into simpler sugars by hydrolysis. A 6-carbon sugar. Simple sugar, i.e., glucose, fructose, galactose, found in fruits, vegetables, milk, honey, and cane sugar; end-product of all digestible forms of carbohydrates. A simple sugar which cannot be broken down any further, such as glucose or fructose. The…
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Myosin
Chief protein in muscle and the main constituent of the thick filaments of muscle fibers. In conjunction with actin, it is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscles. One of the chief proteins of muscle. Muscle cell protein that (with actin) plays a role in muscle contraction and relaxation. Along with actin, myosin is…
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Myocardium
The muscle tissue of the heart composed of striated, involuntary muscle known as cardiac muscle. The thick, muscular layer forming the heart wall. The middle layer of the heart, consisting of the cardiac muscle. The middle layer of the wall of the heart, formed of heart muscle. Thick, muscular middle layer of the heart wall,…
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Myocardial reperfusion injury
Functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic heart muscle thought to result from reperfusion to the ischemic areas. Changes can be fatal to muscle cells and may include edema with explosive cell swelling and disintegration, sarcolemma disruption, fragmentation of mitochondria, contraction band necrosis, enzyme washout, and calcium overload. Other damage may include hemorrhage and ventricular…
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Myocardial reperfusion
Generally, restoration of blood supply to heart tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. Reperfusion can be induced to treat ischemia. Methods include chemical dissolution of an occluding thrombus, administration of vasodilator drugs, angioplasty,…