Category: N

A chemical element, formerly called columbium, with an atomic number of 41 and an atomic weight of 92.906.  

A timed performance test in which a subject places nine dowels in nine holes and then removes them, first with the dominant hand and then with the nondominant one. The more rapidly the test is performed, the greater the dexterity of the subject.  

Concerning a bundle of nerve fibers that connect the substantia nigra of the brain to the corpus striatum.  

The ability to see at night or in light of low intensity. It results from dark adaptation in which the pupil dilates, rhodopsin increases, and the intensity threshold of the retina is lowered. Any decrease in the oxygen content of the blood is accompanied by some loss of night vision. Thus, smoking cigarettes or being…

A dental prosthesis worn at night to prevent traumatic grinding of the teeth during sleep. A removable, personalized plastic device designed to be placed between the upper and lower teeth, serving the purpose of preventing their grinding against each other, is commonly known as a “dental night guard.” This appliance offers a customized fit and…

A foamy, lipid-filled cell present in the spleen and bone marrow in Niemann-Pick disease.  

Poisoning from excessive use of tobacco or nicotine.  

To the stimulating effect of acetylcholine on the parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglionic or somatic skeletal muscle receptors.  

The oral form of nicotine, used primarily as an aid to stop smoking.  

A coenzyme that contains adenosine, nicotinamide, and phosphoric acid. When in its oxidized form (NADP1), it serves as an electron carrier in catabolic and anabolic reactions. In its reduced form (NADPH or NADPH-diaphorase), it is important in reducing the ferric iron (Fe+++) to its ferrous (Fe++) form, thus converting methemoglobin (which is unable to transport…