Glossary

Category: P

  • Prisoner’s dilemma

    A particular arrangement of payoffs in a two-prison situation in which each person has to choose between two alternatives without knowing the other’s choice. The payoff structure is so arranged that the optimal strategy for each person depends upon whether he or she can trust the other. When trust is possible, the payoffs for each…

  • Principles of community health education

    Based on the concept that community health education should focus on a particular health problem, risk, or issue, using strategies to prevent the problem or to reduce the risk. As detailed by Green and Anderson, there are 10 broad, but fundamental principles governing educational success: 1. the principle of cumulative learning; a planned sequence of…

  • Principle of the objective

    A management principle that maintains that, before any action is initiated, organizational objectives should be clearly determined, understood, and stated.  

  • Principle of supportive relationships

    A leadership concept that views all human interaction within an organization should build and maintain a sense of personal worth and the importance of those involved in the interaction.  

  • Principle of student testing

    In programmed learning, the principle that stresses the importance of having the student keep a continual evaluation of his or her knowledge.  

  • Principle of s-r complementarity

    In nonhuman animals, the presumed tendency for a female stimulus pattern to evoke a male response and for the male stimulus pattern to evoke a female response.  

  • Principle of specificity

    In fitness training, the concept of training for the component the person wants to improve. Principle of specificity means that only the muscles or body systems being exercised will show beneficial change. Exercise principle that states that physiological adaptations are specific to the systems that are overloaded with exercise.  

  • Principle of small steps

    In programmed learning, the principle that emphasizes the importance of leading the learner gradually to a desired goal or level of performance.  

  • Principle of self-pacing

    In programmed learning, the principle that emphasizes the importance of allowing the learner to proceed at his or her own pace.    

  • Principle of immediate confirmation

    In programmed learning, the principle that stresses the effect of immediate knowledge of the correctness of the response.