Category: T

Mushroom sugar, also called mycose, a disaccharide of glucose. A disaccharide (simple sugar) that is naturally synthesized (i.e., “manufactured”) by many plants and animals in response to the stresses of freezing, heating, or drying. That is because trehalose protects certain proteins (needed for life) and prevents loss of crucial volatile (i.e., easily evaporated) compounds from…

Enzyme which inter-converts certain sugar phosphates, and which requires thiamin diphosphate (TPP) as its essential cofactor. Assay of this enzyme in red cell extracts is commonly used as a biochemical index of thiamin status, i.e. by measuring the ratio of the enzyme activity both with and without added TPP. An enzyme that uses thiamin pyrophosphate…

A tissue protein, also found in blood serum, which has a specific recognition-affinity for the iron-transporting protein, transferrin. It increases in concentration in conditions of chronic iron deficiency, and is therefore used as an iron status indicator. Unlike most other iron status indices, it is not confounded by the presence of an acute phase reaction…

The total mRNA complement of cells, tissues or organisms transcribed from the genome. All the messenger RNA that can be made from a genome.  

Movement of solutes through cells. This may involve passive and /or active transport.  

The transfer of the amino group NH2 from an amino acid to an acceptor keto- (or oxo-) acid. The transfer of the NH, amino group from an amino acid to a keto acid. Transamination The reaction of the enzymatic removal and transfer of an amino group from one specific compound to another. The process by…

Foods that do not conform to Jewish dietary laws; the opposite of kosher.  

Maximum intake (from supplements and enriched foods) that is unlikely to pose a risk of adverse effects on health.  

Vitamers of vitamin E.  

Thymus-dependent lymphocytes which, amongst other functions, help B lymphocytes during immunological responses and provide protection from intracellular microbial infection.