Category: V
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Vegetative nervous system
Obsolete term for the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
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Vascular dementia
Formerly known as multi-infarct dementia; it is the result of multiple cerebral infarcts in persons with atherosclerotic disease. Typically, the course is one of a period of clinical stability punctuated by sudden significant cognitive and functional losses (stepwise deterioration). A form of mental degeneration due to disease of the blood vessels in the brain. A…
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Varenicline
A medication used to treat nicotine addiction. A nicotinic receptor partial agonist, it reduces cravings for and decreases the pleasurable effects of cigarettes and other tobacco products. Marketed under the brand name chantix.
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Valproic acid
An anticonvulsant medication used in neurology in the treatment of complex partial seizures and in psychiatry as a mood stabilizer to treat bipolar disorder. Marketed under the brand names depakene and stavzor. Anticonvulsant used to prevent some types of seizures. Adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, hair loss, headache, liver damage, and decreased blood-clotting ability. An…
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Valproate
An anticonvulsant medication used in neurology in the treatment of complex partial seizures and in psychiatry as a mood stabilizer to treat bipolar disorder. Marketed under the brand name depacon.
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Valium
Brand name for the benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug diazepam. A commercial preparation of diazepam. A trade name for diazepam. A previous brand name for diazepam, a medication belonging to the benzodiazepine class, which is used for treating anxiety, relaxing muscles, and controlling seizures.
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Valerian
The common name for valeriana officinalis. The root and other underground parts of this plant, grown in Europe and in the warmer climates of Asia, are used by individuals to treat anxiety and mild insomnia. It is believed to work by stimulating gaba (gammaaminobutyric acid) receptors, which may reduce anxiety—the same mechanism of action produced…
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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
Stimulation of the vagus nerve for the treatment of refractory seizure disorders or treatment-resistant depression. A treatment for seizures and treatment-resistant depression in which a generator sends electrical impulses along the left vagus nerve. The impulse generator is typically inserted under the clavicle on the left side of the chest during a brief surgical procedure.…
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Vaginismus
Refers to recurrent or persistent involuntary spasm of the musculature of the outer third of the vagina severe enough to interfere with coitus. Painful spasm of the vagina, hence often resulting in unsuccessful penetration. A spasm of the muscles surrounding the vagina, causing painful contractions of the vagina. A condition in which the muscles at…
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Vocal nodules
Small, callused growths formed on the vocal cords caused by overuse and abuse of one’s voice.