Category: V

Member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily through which vitamin D and its analogs exert their actions. Vitamin D is a potent modulator of the immune system and involved in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation.  

An instrument used in determining pulp vitality that measures a tooth’s response to variable intensities of electrical stimulus. A diagnostic device that measures the response of a nerve in the pulp of a tooth to an electrical stimulus.  

The percentage of newly formed bone in a histological section obtained from a healed bone grafted site.  

Subfield of biomechanics that concerns the manner of biologic response to mechanical usage and loads as well as other physical stimuli.    

Rating scale used to determine the degree of conditions or stimuli (i.e., pain) a patient is experiencing. Visual analog scales represent a line with clearly defined endpoints expressing on one side of the scale the absence of stimuli (i.e., no pain) while the opposite side represents the highest degree of stimuli (i.e., worst pain ever).…

The portion of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum detectable by the human eye. It is referred to as light or visible light and involves wavelengths from approximately 390 to 700 nm. The portion of the spectrum that is detectable by the human eye. The visible spectrum consists of the colors from red to violet with wavelengths…

Deep somatic pain that results from the activation of nociceptors of the mucosal linings, walls of hollow viscera, parenchyma of organs, glands, dental pulps, and vascular structures. These visceral structures may not respond to stimuli that normally evoke pain, such as cutting or burning are sensitive to distension (stretch), ischemia, and inflammation. Pain caused by…

One of a group of minute (15–300 nm) infectious agents characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the ability to replicate only within living cells. Submicroscopic organism that causes infectious disease. In cancer therapy, some viruses may be made into vaccines that help the body build an immune response to, and kill, tumor cells.…

The disease‐producing potential of a microorganism. Often defined in terms of virulence factors, which are specific characteristics or abilities of the microorganism. The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The…

Presurgical manipulation of 3D models of the surgical site to predict outcomes, design surgical guides, or develop options. Generally limited to surgery involving movement of bone, specifically in craniofacial, orthopedic surgery, dental implant placement, and heart and other soft tissue surgical planning.