The expanded anterior portion of the brain, which is considered the seat of conscious mental processes.
The main portion of the brain occupying the upper part of the cranium the two cerebral hemispheres united by the coipus collosum forming the largest part of the central nervous system in humans. The consists of derivatives of the mesencephalon diencephalon and telencephalon. Considered the area of highest intelligence.
The largest part of the brain, formed of two sections, the cerebral hemispheres, which run along the length of the head. The cerebrum controls the main mental processes, including the memory.
Main mass of the human brain; the two cerebral hemispheres that control conscious activity.
Largest portion of the brain; has left and right hemispheres.
The most developed, complex, and largest portion of the brain; the site of most conscious and intelligent activity. The cerebrum has two hemispheres (cerebral hemispheres) composed of white matter, covered by a thin, deeply wrinkled layer of gray matter (the cerebral cortex). The cerebral cortex is the site of language, sensation, voluntary movement, memory, emotion, and imagination.
The largest and most highly developed part of the brain, composed of the two cerebral hemispheres, separated from each other by the longitudinal fissure in the midline. Each hemisphere has an outer layer of gray matter, the cerebral cortex, below which lies white matter containing the basal ganglia. Connecting the two hemispheres at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure is the corpus callosum, a massive bundle of nerve fibers. Within each hemisphere is a crescent shaped fluid-filled cavity (lateral ventricle), connected to the central third ventricle in the diencephalon. The cerebrum is responsible for the initiation and coordination of all voluntary activity in the body and for governing the functioning of lower parts of the nervous system. The cortex is the seat of all intelligent behavior.
The largest part of the brain, consisting of two hemispheres separated by a deep longitudinal fissure. The hemispheres are united by three commissures the corpus callosum and the anterior and posterior hippocampal commissures. The surface of each hemisphere is thrown into numerous folds or convolutions called gyri, which are separated by furrows called fissures or sulci.
The largest, most complex part of the brain that receives sensations and controls movement.
The large, upper part of the brain that acts as a master control system and is responsible for initiating thought and motor activity. Its two hemispheres, united by the corpus callosum, form the largest part of the central nervous system.
The brain’s largest and most advanced region is responsible for the majority of conscious and intelligent activities.
The primary constituents of the cerebrum consist of two prominent hemispheres that extend from the upper portion of the brainstem, which is an extension of the spinal cord. The outer surface of the cerebrum is characterized by a series of folds known as gyri, which are demarcated by fissures called sulci. Between the two hemispheres, there exists a deep longitudinal fissure.
Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided into four distinct surface regions: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, named after the corresponding overlying bones. These lobes encompass specific functional areas. Additionally, each hemisphere contains a central cavity known as a ventricle, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Surrounding this cavity is an inner layer consisting of clusters of nerve cells called the basal ganglia. A middle layer of white matter primarily composed of nerve fibers facilitates the transmission of information between specific regions of the cortex, as well as between the cortex, central brain, and brainstem. The outermost layer of each hemisphere is the cerebral cortex, also referred to as grey matter, which plays a critical role in processing sensory information from organs such as the eyes and ears. Nerve signals between the two cerebral hemispheres are transmitted via a thick bundle of fibers called the corpus callosum.
Distinct regions within the brain are responsible for processing specific sensory information. For instance, the visual perception occurs in a specific area of the occipital lobe known as the visual cortex.
Within the cortex, there are “motor” regions responsible for initiating signals related to movements of the skeletal muscles. Alongside the sensory and motor areas, there are association areas that play a crucial role. These areas integrate information from different senses and perform essential functions such as comprehension, recognition, memory storage and recall, thought processes, and decision-making.
Certain functions within the cortex are predominantly localized to one hemisphere known as the “dominant” hemisphere, which is typically the left hemisphere in the majority of right-handed individuals and many left-handed individuals. In the dominant hemisphere, two distinct areas have well-defined roles. Wernicke’s area is responsible for the comprehension of spoken and written language, while Broca’s area is involved in language expression.
Specific syndromes can arise from damage to particular areas of the cerebrum. For instance, injury to the frontal lobe can lead to mental apathy, while damage to the parietal lobe may result in geographical disorientation. Disease affecting the temporal lobe can cause amnesia, leading to memory loss, and visual defects can occur due to damage in the occipital lobe.
Frequently, cerebral diseases manifest with nonspecific symptoms like convulsions and headaches.