An abnormal neurological condition characterized by weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles. One common form of facial palsy is Bell palsy, a condition caused by damage to or dysfunction of the facial nerve. Other possible causes of facial palsy include strokes, tumors, and infections (such as shingles). Any case of facial weakness, paralysis, or palsy calls for prompt and careful evaluation by a physician. Treatment of facial palsy depends on its underlying cause.
Facial muscle weakness can occur due to damage or inflammation of the facial nerve. Typically, this condition is temporary and only affects one side of the face.
Facial palsy is primarily attributed to Bell’s palsy, which often occurs without a known cause. Less frequently, it may be associated with herpes zoster (shingles) affecting the ear and facial nerve. Facial palsy can also result from surgical damage to the nerve or compression of the nerve due to a tumor.
Facial palsy typically manifests suddenly. It causes drooping of the eyelid and the corner of the mouth on one side of the face, accompanied by possible ear pain on that same side. The ability to wrinkle the brow or close the eye may be lost, resulting in distorted smiling. Depending on the affected nerve branches, there might be an impairment in the sense of taste or an increased perception of loud sounds.
In numerous instances, facial palsy resolves on its own without requiring treatment. Pain can be alleviated by taking analgesics (painkillers), and performing facial muscle exercises may help with the recovery process. In some cases, it might be necessary to tape the affected eyelid shut at bedtime to prevent the risk of corneal abrasion.
To address Bell’s palsy, corticosteroid drugs can be prescribed to reduce inflammation and accelerate the recovery process. For individuals with palsy resulting from an injury or tumor, re-routing or grafting of nerve tissue may be considered as a potential treatment option.