Failure to eliminate fluid from the body because of renal, cardiac, or metabolic disease, or combinations of these disorders. Excess dietary salt can contribute to fluid retention. A low-sodium diet is a helpful adjunct to treatment. The advisability of using diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and/or other drug therapies depends on the functional state of the kidneys, heart, and liver.
Edema refers to the excessive buildup of fluid in body tissues. It is a common occurrence in mild cases of premenstrual syndrome but typically resolves with the onset of menstruation. However, more severe fluid retention may indicate an underlying condition in the heart, liver, or kidneys. Diuretic drugs can be employed to treat fluid retention in such cases.