According to Mowrer’s theory, the emotion elicited by a stimulus that has been paired with a positive reinforcer.
The expectation that something desired will occur. One of the bases of professional health care is encouraging and supporting the presence of hope while providing accurate information and realistic reassurance.
The concept in Snyder’s model that refers to the ability to envision one or more routes toward reaching a desired goal combined with a motivational trait-like perception that a wide range of goals will be pursued.