Physical condition created by excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone. Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by dysfunction of the parathyroid glands. This results in over-secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to increased bone resorption and subsequent hypercalcemia, as well as reduced renal clearance of calcium and increased intestinal calcium absorption.
Over-secretion of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands.
A condition caused by overactive parathyroid glands.
A condition reflecting the overactive production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid gland.
Overactivity of the parathyroid glands.
An unusually high concentration of parathyroid hormone in the body. It causes various medical problems AEA damage to the kidneys.
Excess production of parathyroid hormone.
Condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands due to disease of the parathyroid glands or resulting from another disorder (e.g., too-low blood calcium levels). Higher than normal levels of calcium in the blood result, with effects on many systems of the body, including kidney damage, osteoporosis, gastrointestinal disturbances, muscle weakness, and central nervous system changes leading to personality disturbances, and, if severe, coma. Treatment may involve surgical removal of all or part of the parathyroid glands or correction of any underlying causes.
Increased activity of parathyroid glands causing excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH) production.
A disorder in which overactive parathyroid glands, located on the back of the thyroid gland in the neck, produce excessive parathyroid hormone. The excessive hormone in turn stimulates the release of calcium from the bones and produces an elevated calcium level in the bloodstream. Hyperparathyroidism can lead to bone-weakening diseases such as osteoporosis and osteomalacia. It is associated with kidney failure, which makes the body resistant to the activity of the parathyroid hormone. Excess calcium excreted into the urine by the kidneys may cause kidney stones.
Increased activity of the parathyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone increases serum calcium. Hyperparathyroidism may be primary (due to an adenoma or hyperplasia of the gland), secondary (in response to hypocalcaemia), or tertiary (when secondary hyperparathyroidism causes the development of an autonomous adenoma).
A condition caused by excessive levels of parathyroid hormone in the body. Hyperparathyroidism is usually caused by benign tumors of the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism), although occasionally it occurs secondary to renal failure or other systemic illnesses. The consequences of excess parathyroid hormone may include symptomatic or unnoticed hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperchlorhydria, kidney stone formation, and bone resorption. Hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia, which can lead to central nervous system, musculoskeletal, metabolic, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular problems when the concentration of calcium in the blood rises to very high levels.
Hyperfunctioning of the parathyroid glands, known as hyperparathyroidism, gives rise to a range of manifestations. These symptoms encompass overall body discomfort, feelings of melancholy, and discomfort in the abdominal region.
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition characterized by the excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. Normally, PTH, along with vitamin D and calcitonin, regulates the body’s calcium levels. However, an overabundance of PTH elevates the blood calcium level by extracting calcium from bones. This process can lead to bone disorders like osteoporosis. To counteract the elevated calcium level, the kidneys excrete substantial amounts of calcium in the urine, which can result in the formation of kidney stones.
Hyperparathyroidism is primarily caused by a small noncancerous tumor in one or more of the parathyroid glands, referred to as primary hyperparathyroidism. This condition typically arises after the age of 40 and is more prevalent in women, occurring twice as often as in men. Alternatively, hyperparathyroidism can also occur when all the glands become enlarged without a known cause. Another form of the condition, known as secondary hyperparathyroidism, develops in response to a condition that leads to abnormally low levels of calcium, such as chronic kidney failure.
Hyperparathyroidism can lead to muscular aches, pains, depression, and abdominal discomfort. However, in many cases, the only noticeable symptoms are those related to kidney stones. If hypercalcemia (elevated calcium levels) becomes severe, additional symptoms may include nausea, fatigue, increased urination, confusion, and muscle weakness.
The diagnosis of the condition involves X-rays of the hands and skull, as well as blood tests to assess calcium and PTH levels.
In cases of mild hyperparathyroidism, no treatment may be necessary. Instead, the individual’s blood calcium levels and kidney function will be monitored annually. However, more severe cases may require medication to reduce elevated blood calcium levels. If a parathyroid tumor is identified, the affected gland will be surgically removed, typically leading to a cure for the condition. In instances where the remaining parathyroid tissue cannot produce sufficient PTH, treatment for hypoparathyroidism (insufficient activity of the parathyroid glands) will be necessary.
Excessive activity of the parathyroid glands, often caused by a small tumor. This condition can lead to spontaneous bone fractures, bone and muscle pain and weakness, and a predisposition to kidney stones. It results in conditions like osteitis fibrosa cystica and osteomalacia.