An unusually low concentration of gamma globulin in the blood that causes an immune deficiency. It may be present from birth or acquired later in life.
A lower-than-normal amount of the protein gamma-globulin in the blood. The origin may be genetic several types are inherited or an acquired defect (for instance, some lymphomas cause the condition). Gamma-globulin largely comprises antibodies (immunoglobulins), and deficiency of the protein reduces an individual’s natural resistance to infection.
Hypogammaglobulinemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally low levels of immunoglobulins, which are proteins produced by immune system cells to combat infections (also known as antibodies). These immunoglobulins belong to a specific group called gamma-globulins. Individuals with hypogammaglobulinemia have a heightened vulnerability to infections. The condition can be either inherited or acquired.
Inherited hypogammaglobulinemia is a disorder linked to the X chromosome, leading to increased vulnerability to infections starting around three to six months of age. Individuals with this condition require regular treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin to manage their immune deficiency.
There are various types of acquired hypogammaglobulinemia. Common variable hypogammaglobulinemia can manifest during childhood or later in adult life and necessitates regular replacement of immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency is a prevalent form of hypogammaglobulinemia, which may be asymptomatic and not pose an increased risk of infection. On the other hand, secondary hypogammaglobulinemia is linked to several other diseases, including multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.