The area of medicine which uses X-rays, ultrasound and computer-assisted tomography to guide small instruments into the body for procedures such as biopsies, draining fluids or widening narrow vessels.
The use of radiology to enable doctors to carry out diagnostic or treatment procedures under direct radiological vision. This X-ray procedure is used in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) — for example, angioplasty, the removal of stones from the kidney, and the observation of obstructions in the bile ducts (percutaneous cholangiography).