Efforts by the provision of information, argument or other means by anybody, other than a citizen acting in his own behalf, to influence a governmental official in the performance of his duty. Federal legislation government lobbying activities (title III of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946) does not define the terms lobbying or lobbyist. The Act requires registration by any person “who, by himself or through any agent or employee or other persons in any manner whatsoever, directly or indirectly, solicits, collects, or receives money or any other thing of value to be used principally to aid or the principle purpose of which person is to aid . . . the passage or defeat of any legislation by the Congress.” Paid lobbyists are required to register with the Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate and to file quarterly financial reports with the House Clerk. The Act has been subject to considerable criticism for apparent loopholes which allow many interests to avoid registering. The term derives from the frequent presence of lobbyists in the lobbies of Congressional and other governmental chambers.
Attempts to influence the passage or defeat of legislation. There are limits on such activities, and certain other political activities, by tax-exempt organizations, such as corporations. Hospitals are often tax-exempt organizations, and thus are limited in their lobbying (and campaigning) efforts.
Attempting to shape legislation, influence legislators, or mold public opinion.