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  • Interrupted respiration

    Respiration in which inspiratory or expiratory sounds are not continuous.  

  • Forced respiration

    Voluntary hyperpnea (increase in rate and depth of breathing).  

  • Fetal respiration

    Gas exchange in the placenta between the fetal and maternal blood.  

  • Direct respiration

    Respiration in which an organism, such as a one-celled ameba, secures its oxygen and gives up carbon dioxide directly to the surrounding medium.  

  • Decreased respiration

    Respiration at less than a normal rate for the individual’s age. In adults, a respiratory rate of less than 12 breaths per minute. Slower than normal respiratory rates occur after opiate or sedative use, during sleep, in coma, and many other conditions, and may result in respiratory failure or carbon dioxide retention.  

  • Cutaneous respiration

    The transpiration of gases through the skin.  

  • Costal respiration

    Respiration in which the chest cavity expands by raising the ribs. Inhaling predominantly through chest movements, contrasting with abdominal breathing.  

  • Cell respiration

    The gradual breakdown of food molecules in the presence of oxygen within cells, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and water and the release of energy in the forms of ATP and heat. In many intermediary reactions, substances other than oxygen act as oxidizing agents (i.e., hydrogen or electron acceptors). Reactions are catalyzed by…

  • Apneustic respiration

    Breathing marked by prolonged inspiration unrelieved by attempts to exhale. It is seen in patients who have had the upper part of the pons of the brain removed or damaged.  

  • Amphoric respiration

    Respiration having amphoric resonance. A resonant blowing sound detected over lung cavities, caused by the reverberation from the cavity walls.  

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