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Hemolytic unit
The amount of inactivated immune serum that causes complete hemolysis of 1 ml of a 5% emulsion of washed red blood cells in the presence of complement.
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Hemolytic transfusion reaction
The destruction of donated and infused red blood cells by antibodies in the person receiving the transfusion.
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Hemolysin BL
An enterotoxin produced by Bacillus cereus, which causes epithelial necrosis, invasion of blood vessels, and destruction of blood cells.
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Hemolith
A stone in the wall of a blood vessel.
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Toxic hemoglobinuria
Hemoglobinuria resulting from toxic substances such as muscarine or snake venom; toxic products of infectious diseases such as yellow fever, typhoid fever, syphilis, and certain forms of hemolytic jaundice; organisms such as Plasmodium malariae, which destroy red blood cells; and foreign protein in blood, e.g., following blood transfusion.
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
A rare form of an acquired hemolytic anemia that results from a defect in membrane-anchored proteins of red blood cells. An infrequent deficiency in the complement system, manifesting as recurrent episodes of red blood cell breakdown (hemolysis) and the presence of blood in the urine (hemoglobinuria), with exacerbation during nighttime.
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Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria
Intermittent, recurring attacks of bloody urine following exposure to cold (cold hemoglobinuria) or strenuous exercise (march hemoglobinuria). Results from increased fragility of red blood cells or presence of a thermolabile autohemolysin.
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March hemoglobinuria
Urinary bleeding that occurs following strenuous exercise (e.g., running a marathon).
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Epidemic hemoglobinuria
Hemoglobinuria of the newborn characterized by jaundice, cyanosis, and fatty degeneration of heart and liver.
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Cold hemoglobinuria
Hemoglobinuria following local or general exposure to cold.
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