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A buildup of pus, referred to as an abscess, emerging after infection by microorganisms, which forms within a structure in the pelvic region. Pelvic abscesses can arise from conditions like peritonitis (inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity) or localized inflammation stemming from disorders like pelvic inflammatory disease. A buildup of pus in the…

Sudden nocturnal onset of severe breathing problems, often interrupting sleep. This condition primarily impacts individuals grappling with congestive heart failure accompanied by pulmonary edema (accumulation of lung fluid). In such instances, it results from fluid escape from blood vessels into lung airspaces when lying down. It can also manifest in individuals with persistent lung ailments.…

A hernia that emerges close to the navel. Paraumbilical hernias might develop in women who are obese and have given birth multiple times.  

An abnormal mass developing within a parathyroid gland can trigger excessive release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), resulting in hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid cancers are extremely uncommon, with the majority of parathyroid growths being benign adenomas. If an adenoma induces hyperparathyroidism, surgical removal is the typical approach, often leading to a complete resolution of the condition.  

A type of haematuria (presence of blood in the urine) occurs without accompanying pain during urination (refer to painful urination). Typical reasons for this painless haematuria are kidney tumors, ureter tumors, bladder tumors, or glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney’s tiny filtration units).  

A condition manifests as pain when the arm is lifted to an angle between 45 and 160 degrees from the side. This typically results from inflammation of a tendon or bursa in the shoulder joint getting compressed between the scapula (shoulder blade) and the humerus (bone of the upper arm). Interventions involve physiotherapy and corticosteroid…

A blood product made from blood with 70% of its plasma (the fluid that transports blood cells and other components) removed results in a dense concentration of red blood cells. In transfusions, this concentrated red blood cell solution is used more frequently than “whole” blood (blood in its natural state without any removals). This approach,…