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Indole-producing, gelatin-liquefying species. The XI9 strain shares an ‘O’ antigen with some Rickettsia. An essentially saprophytic species that may produce urinary tract infections. A gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium found in fecal matter, sewage, and soil. It frequently causes cystitis and pyelonephritis and is linked to eye and ear infections, pleuritis, peritonitis, and suppurative abscesses.…

Indole-producing species—the only one which is citrate positive.  

Indole-producing species, possibly associated with infantile diarrhoea; often concomitant with Shigella infection.  

Non-indole-producing species, the XK strain shares an ‘O’ antigen with some Rickettsia. A species abundant in nature and an occasional human pathogen (e.g., of the urinary tract).  

Measurement of the power of therapeutic sera, vaccines or toxoids to protect susceptible animals (or living tissues in vitro) against infective agents or their toxins.  

Demonstration of an antigen – antibody reaction by overlaying antiserum with toxin or bacterial extract, a ring of white precipitate appearing at the junction if the serum contains the homologous antibody. A test in which two dissolved substances in a solution join to form a visible solid. The results depend on the strength of the…

Medium (for the cultivation of mycobacteria, especially) prepared by the sterilization of fresh potato, in water which is discarded before the potato is sterilized a second time. In Alkaline potato medium the water is replaced with solution of sodium bicarbonate, and in Glycerol potato medium with 5 per cent glycerol in water.  

Swelling of bacterial protoplasm, due to excessive intake of water from a suspending fluid of low osmotic pressure.  

Microbicidal substances released by blood platelets.  

Micro-organisms gaining their energy requirement by photosynthesis from sunlight—a property shared by algae. Such bacteria are not pathogenic to man.