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Method for the volutin (metachromatic) granules of C. diphtheriae and allied organisms. The film is stained with a special methylene blue solution, treated with iodine, and counter- stained with neutral red. The granules show blue, the protoplasm of the organisms (and of non-granular bacteria), pink.  

Causative organism of cerebrospinal meningitis and cerebrospinal fever, N. meningitidis is characteristically seen as an intracellular Gram-negative diplococcus in the neutrophilic pus cells of infected CSF. Cultures are derived from CSF and blood, from the nasopharynx of carriers, rarely from other sites (e.g., lung). The organism grows best on serum-or blood-agar in air plus 5…

Causative organism of gonorrhoea, the gonococcus is morpho¬ logically identical with the meningococcus, the intracellular diplococci occurring in the pus cells of urethral or vaginal discharge, less commonly in peritoneal organs, in the conjunctiva of infants infected at birth, and other sites. Cultures grow slowly (2 – 3 days) on fresh, moist blood agar with…

Aerobic Gram-negative cocci about 1 μm in diameter, occurring in pairs with parallel flattened adjacent sides, and including both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species.  

Overlying a film of bacteria with Indian ink (Bum’s Method) or Nigrosin (Fleming) so showing the organisms as unstained shapes against a dark background.  

An antibiotic with a high level of activity against Gram-negative organisms, nalidixic acid is chemically l-ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-l, 8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid. Usually taken orally, the principal use of the drug is in the treatment of urinary infections. Antibiotic used to treat certain infections of the urinary tract. Adverse effects include neurological and gastrointestinal disturbances, and the possibility of…

Confirmatory test for Clostridium welchii, consisting of demonstration of the lethicinase activity of the alpha toxin on half of a serum agar plate seeded with the suspect Clostridium. On the other half of the plate the application of Cl. welchii antitoxin neutralizes the toxin as it is formed, and colonies are not surrounded by the…