Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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Cafe au lait spots
Cafe au lait spots refer to hyperpigmented areas of the skin. The spots are flat, sharply demarcated, more or less oval patches that are light to medium brown in color. The coffee-stain appearance is reflected by the name, which means “coffee with milk” in French. The long axis of the cafe au lait spot or…
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Bullous pemphigold
Bullous pemphigoid is a skin disease in which the skin blisters severely. These blistered spots are most likely found in folds of skin such as the groin and armpit areas. Bullous pemphigoid is a rare disorder that is most often found in elderly persons, with the average age at onset being 65 to 75. However,…
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Brittle bone disease
Osteogenesis imperfecta (01), commonly known as brittle bone disease, is a genetic disorder in which the production of collagen is inadequate or defective collagen is produced, leading to a susceptibility of bone fractures. An individual with 01 may suffer as little as a few to several hundreds of bone fractures over a lifetime. The wide…
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Brain tumor
A brain tumor is a new growth of tissue in the brain in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive. It grows independent of surrounding structures and has no physiological use. Brain tumors in children are typically primary tumors; that is, the tumor originates at the site rather than having migrated from another organ (e.g.,…
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Degenerative motor diseases brain disorders
Degenerative motor diseases refers to a group of central nervous system (CNS) disorders that have an insidious onset and lead to progressive deterioration in motor functioning. These diseases are often transmitted genetically; however, infectious agents have been linked to some conditions (e.g., spongiform encephalopathatic virus causing Cruetzfelt-Jakob disease). Not all movement disorders are progressive; in…
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Borjeson-forssman-lehmann syndrome
Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) is an X- linked, possibly incompletely recessive, genetic disorder characterized by numerous dysmorphic anomalies, obesity, hypogonadism, epilepsy, and mental retardation. The full expression in males results in more severe symptoms, whereas penetrance in carrier females appears to be associated with variable X-chromosome inactivation. In heterozygous women, the phenotypic effects vary widely between…
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Blue diaper syndrome
Blue diaper syndrome is a metabolic disorder caused by the incomplete breakdown of the dietary nutrient and obligatory serotonin (5-HT) precusor tryptophan. Excessive amounts of tryptophan are broken down by intestinal bacteria, thus converting the excessive tryptophan into indican. The indican is then absorbed by the intestinal wall and excreted in urine, thus causing the…
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Bipolar affective disorder
Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a mood disorder that is characterized by distinct periods of depression and manic episodes. Manic episodes are characterized by elevated mood, grandiosity, pressured speech, racing thoughts, distractibility, decreased need for sleep, increased goal- directed behavior, and extreme involvement in pleasurable (but reckless) activities. Depressive episodes are often characterized by diminished…
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Bernard-soulier syndrome
Bernard-Soulier syndrome is a disorder of platelet dysfunction, presenting with severe and prolonged bleeding periods, below-normal blood platelet counts, and thrombocytopenia. The underlying defect of this genetic disorder is an absence or decreased expression of the glycoprotein Ib- IX-V complex on the surface of platelets, resulting in defective platelet adhesion. Encounter a genetic disorder that…
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Benign essential tremor
Benign essential tremor (BET) is characterized by rapid rhythmic movements that are pronounced during active muscle innervation. The tremors are decreased or absent during rest and sleep. BET typically presents as a postural tremor that gets worse during action and sustained posturing. BET is also referred to as a familial tremor, intention tremor, and hereditary…
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