Mindblown: a blog about philosophy.
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Bodybuilders
The dietary goals of bodybuilders are often different from those of endurance or team athletes. For example, the key goal for a bodybuilder is typically to enhance the development of lean body mass and to prevent the accumulation of excess body fat for the purpose of aesthetics rather than athletic performance. While many of the…
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Bioelectrical impedance analysis
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method for determining body composition. The determination of body fat is performed by passing a harmless electrical current through the body. The conductance is detected as the resistance of the body mass to the electrical current. The resistance is greatest in fat tissue, which has only 14 to 22%…
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Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been available as a dietary supplement for several years. HMB is produced during the metabolism of leucine, but is not considered an essential nutrient itself. Initial research suggested that in untrained subjects who initiated a 3-week resistance training program, daily supplementation of 1.5 and 3.0 daily grams of HMB exhibited enhanced strength…
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Atwater factors
The values used to express the amount of energy that is available from a gram of any macronutrient are often termed Atwater factors, after the researcher most credited for their determination, W. O. Atwater. Fat, protein, carbohydrate, and alcohol are typically estimated to provide 9, 4, 4, and 7 kcal/g, respectively.
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Athlete
An athlete is a person who competes in a sporting event. Athletes who are extremely well trained for their particular sports are often referred to as elite athletes.
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Zellweger syndrome
A rare fatal genetic disease. Victims of this disorder do not make bile acids or plasmalogens, nor are they able to shorten the very long fatty acids. These biochemical deficiencies are seemingly unrelated to the structural abnormalities observed in liver, kidney, muscle, and brain. Zellweger syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by decreased or…
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Zearalenone
A mycotoxin produced by Fusarium tricinctum, Fusarium gibbosum, Fusarium roseum, and three subspecies of the latter, Fusarium roseum culmorum, Fusarium roseum equiseti, and Fusarium roseum graminearum. In animals, it has been shown to possess oestrogenic and anabolic properties. The production of zearalenone by Fusarium roseum required alternating high (24°C-27°C) and low (12°C-14°C) temperatures. The lower…
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Wolfram syndrome
A rare genetic disease that starts with type 1 diabetes followed by optic atrophy and severe neurodegeneration; prevalence: 1:1,000,000. Wolfram syndrome is a neurodegenerative disorder of early onset and is often referred to as the acronym DID- MOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness). This condition was first described by Wolfram and Wagener…
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Whole grain cereals
Cereals that contain all parts of the grain from which it is made.
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Wheat allergy
A condition where the individual is intolerant to wheat products in the diet. Wheat contains water, starch, lipids, and the proteins albumin, globulins, and gluten. Gluten consists of gliadin and glutenine. The various proteins in wheat can cause different symptoms. One example is the so-called baker’s asthma in bakers allergic to wheat albumin. This reaction…
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